ABSTRAK
Gambaran Status Metabolik pada Pasien Chronic Kidney Disease yang Menjalani Hemodialisis di RSI PKU Muhammadiyah Pekajangan
Farid Ardiansyah, Wiwiek Natalya
Latar Belakang: Prevalensi Chronic Kidney Disease selalu mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Chronic Kidney Disease berlangsung progresif yang akhirnya membutuhkan hemodialisis. Pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis mengalami berbagai perubahan metabolisme akibat penyakit ginjal maupun karena terapi hemodialisis. Perubahan tersebut meliputi akumulasi dan defisit berbagai senyawa serta gangguan jalur metabolism, sehingga perlu dilakukan pemantauan status metabolik.
Metode: Peneltian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi dokumentasi. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling. Sampel penelitian ini adalah Semua pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSI PKU Muhammadiyah Pekajangan sebanyak 70 orang. Peneliti melakukan pengumpulan data dari rekam medis menggunakan lembar observasi. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi: umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, penyakit penyerta, kadar gula darah, ureum, kreatinin, hemoglobin, tekanan darah serta berat badan sebelum dan setelah hemodialisis. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat.
Hasil: Terjadi perubahan status metabolik yang meliputi kadar gula darah (sebelum : 112,2, setelah : 98,2), ureum (sebelum : 130,4, setelah : 53,5), kreatinin (sebelum : 7,7, setelah : 4,6), hemoglobin (sebelum : 9,9, setelah : 9,4), tekanan darah sistole (sebelum : 166,5, setelah : 158,3), tekanan darah diastole (sebelum: 83,4, setelah : 82,0) serta berat badan (sebelum : 56,9, setelah : 54,2) pada pasien Chronic Kidney Disease yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSI PKU Muhammadiyah Pekajangan.
Simpulan: Terjadi perubahan status metabolik pada pasien Chronic Kidney Disease sebelum dan sesudah menjalani hemodialisis di RSI PKU Muhammadiyah Pekajangan. Perawat diharapkan meberikan edukasi tentang manajemen diet, terutama untuk mengontrol asupan cairan, protein, dan mineral.
Kata Kunci: Status Metabolik, Hemodialisis
Daftar Pustaka: 110 (2015 – 2025)
Adrian, A. K., Fathonah, S., & Amatiria, G. (2014). Pengaruh Ultra Filtration Rate Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah dan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien DM dengan Komplikasi CKD yang Menjalani Hemodialisis. Jurnal Keperawatan, X(1), 81–89.
Agarwal, A., & Nath, K. A. (2020). Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: Organ and Cellular Considerations. In Chronic Renal Disease. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815876-0.00018-8
Agatha, C. Della, Mukti, A. I., & Girsang, E. (2025). Prevalensi Penyakit Gagal Ginjal Kronik di Kalangan Usia Produktif Akibat Gaya Hidup di Rumah Sakit Royal Prima Medan. Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 10(8), 6377–6386.
Agustina, M., Umbu, E., & Amandus. (2022). Tehnik Progressive Muscle Relaxation terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah untuk Mencegah Terjadinya Hipertensi Intradialisis pada Pasien yang Menjalani Hemodialisis. Wiraraja Medika?: Jurnal Kesehatan, 12(1), 17–21. https://www.ejournalwiraraja.com/index.php/FIK
Agustina, W., & Wardani, E. K. (2019). Penurunan Hemoglobin pada Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Setelah Hemodialisis. Jurnal Ners Dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery), 6(2), 141–146. https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v6i2.art.p141-146
Akbar, F. D., Pratama, K. J., & Wardani, T. S. (2023). Gambaran Faktor Penyebab Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Pada Pasien Yang Menjalani Terapi Hemodialisis di Unit Hemodialisis RSUD Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen Tahun 2023. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 9(25), 377–390.
Alydrus, N. L., & Fauzan, A. (2022). Pemeriksaan Interpretasi Hasil Gula Darah. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Teknologi Kesehatan, 3(2), 16–21.
Amalia, A., & Apriliani, N. M. (2021). Analisis Efektivitas Single Use dan Reuse Dialyzer pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik di RSUD Mardi Waluyo Kota Blitar. Jurnal Sains Dan Kesehatan, 3(5), 679–686. https://doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v13i3.910
Anggraeni, N. D., Kartini, A., Fatimah, S., & Pangestuti, D. R. (2023). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Menyusui di Desa Selokaton Kecamatan Sukorejo Kabupaten Kendal. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 22(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.14710/mkmi.22.1.12-19
Anggraini, D. (2022). Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Penyakit Ginjal Kronik. An-Nadaa Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(2), 236. https://doi.org/10.31602/ann.v9i2.9229
Angie, E., Amir, W. P., & Nasution, S. A. (2022). Gambaran Klinis dan Penatalaksanaan Gagal Ginjal Kronik pada Pasien Rawat Inap. Buletin Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan Prima, 1(1), 22–25. https://doi.org/10.34012/bkkp.v1i1.2621
Ariami, P., Zaetun, S., Gunaifi, A., & Diarti, M. W. (2022). Kadar Ureum, Kreatinin, Serum Iron (SI) dan Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) pada Pasien Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) sebelum dan setelah Hemodialisis. Jurnal Analis Medika Biosains (JAMBS), 9(2), 114–120. https://doi.org/10.32807/jambs.v9i2.279
Arifah, S., Putri, M. N., & Zubad, M. (2022). Penambahab Berat Badan dengan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik yang Menjalani Hemodialisa. Journal of Midwifery and Health Administration Research, 2(2).
Arora, P. (2025). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
Baker, M., & Perazella, M. A. (2020). NSAIDs in CKD?: Are They Safe?? American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 76(4), 546–557. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.03.023
Bay, S. S., Kamaruzaman, L., Mohd, R., & Shah, S. A. (2024). Work disability and employment status among advanced chronic kidney disease patients. PLoS ONE, 19(3 March), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297378
Berlin, D. F., Runtunuwu, A., & Pandelaki, K. (2019). Perbedaan Tekanan Darah Sistolik dan Diastolik Sebelum dan Sesudah Hemodialisis pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. E-CliniC, 7(2), 1–6.
Black, J. M., & Hawks, J. H. (2014). Keperawatan Medikal Bedah: Manajemen Klinis untuk Hasil yang Diharapkan. Salemba Medika.
Bowman, B., & Rosner, M. H. (2019). Acute Complications of Hemodialysis. In Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation: A Companion to Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney (Fourth Edi). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-52978-5.00026-4
Cases, A., Egocheaga, M. I., Tranche, S., Pallarés, V., Ojeda, R., Górriz, J. L., & Portolés, J. M. (2018). Anemia of chronic kidney disease: Protocol of study, management and referral to Nephrology. Atencion Primaria, 50(1), 60–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2017.09.007
Chandra, A., Rao, N., Srivastava, D., & Mishra, P. (2021). Better peridialytic blood pressure control using carvedilol in end stage renal disease patients on twice weekly maintenance hemodialysis. International Urology and Nephrology, 53(5), 1007–1014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-020-02716-3
Chapman, C. L., Holt, S. M., O’Connell, C. T., Brazelton, S. C., Howells, W. A. B., Medved, H. N., Reed, E. L., Needham, K. W., Halliwill, J. R., & Minson, C. T. (2023). Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers and Hydration Assessments Following Prolonged Mild Hypohydration in Healthy Young Adults. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 325(2).
Chen, X. X., Duan, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2021). Effects of Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis on Glycometabolism in Patients with End-Stage Diabetic Nephropathy. Blood Purification, 50(4-5), 506–512. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511722
Choi, H. S., Han, K., Oh, T. R., Kim, C. S., Bae, E. H., Ma, S. K., & Kim, S. W. (2019). Smoking and risk of incident end-stage kidney disease in general population?: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study from Korea. Scientific Reports, 9(19511), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56113-7
Dasaprakash, P., Ganapathy, S., & Raja, V. (2019). Effects of haemodialysis on Hemoglobin and red cell indices in chronic kidney disease patients at a tertiary health care institute. International Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Pathology, 2(1), 96–100. https://doi.org/10.33545/pathol.2019.v2.i1b.18
Ekarini, N. L. P., Wahyuni, J. D., & Sulistyowati, D. (2020). Faktor - Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Hipertensi Pada Usia Dewasa. Jkep, 5(1), 61–73. https://doi.org/10.32668/jkep.v5i1.357
Febriani, S., & Aryani, T. (2020). Gambaran Kadar Glukosa dan Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal yang Menjalani Hemodialisis. UNISA Yogyakarta, 1–13. http://digilib.unisayogya.ac.id/5505/1/Sintia Febriani_1611304021_TLM_Naspub - Sintia febriani pali.pdf
Flouris, A. D., Dinas, P. C., Ioannou, L. G., Nybo, L., Havenith, G., Kenny, G. P., & Kjellstrom, T. (2018). Workers’ health and productivity under occupational heat strain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2(12), e521–e531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30237-7
Fortuna, F., & Yuniarti, E. (2021). Pengaruh Latihan Beban Terhadap Kadar Kreatinin Pada Anggota Pusat Kebugaran Universitas Negeri Padang. Prosiding SEMNAS BIO, 1686–1692.
Gallieni, M., De Salvo, C., Lunati, M. E., Rossi, A., D’Addio, F., Pastore, I., Sabiu, G., Miglio, R., Zuccotti, G. V., & Fiorina, P. (2021). Continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes on hemodialysis. Acta Diabetologica, 58(8), 975–981. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-021-01699-6
Garini, A. (2019). Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Yang Menjalani Hemodialisis. JPP (Jurnal Kesehatan Poltekkes Palembang), 13(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.36086/jpp.v13i2.234
Garwahusada, E., & Wirjatmadi, B. (2020). Hubungan Jenis Kelamin, Perilaku Merokok, Aktivitas Fisik dengan Hipertensi Pada Pegawai Kantor. Media Gizi Indonesia, 15(1), 60–65. https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MGI/article/view/12314/9068
Genua, I., Sánchez-Hernandez, J., Martínez, M. J., Pujol, I., Places, J., González, C., Martinez, E., Díaz, J. M., & Chico, A. (2020). Accuracy of Flash Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus on Hemodialysis and Its Relationship with Hydration Status. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 15(6), 1308–1312. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296820975057
Goligorsky, M. S. (2020). Chronic Kidney Disease: A Vicarious Relation to Premature Cell Senescence. American Journal of Pathology, 190(6), 1164–1171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.016
Gultom, M. D., & Sudaryo, M. K. (2023). Hubungan Hipertensi dengan Kejadian Gagal Ginjal Kronik di RSUD DR. Djasamen Saragih Kota Pematang Siantar Tahun 2020. Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas, 8(1), 40–47.
Gyurászová, M., Gurecká, R., Bábí?ková, J., & Tóthová, ?. (2020). Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Kidney Disease: Implications for Noninvasive Monitoring and Identification of Biomarkers. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5478708
Hadrianti, D. (2021). Hidup Dengan Hemodialisa (Pengalaman Hemodialisa Pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik). www.pustakaaksara.co.id
Han, X., Wang, F., Wang, J., & He, M. (2022). Cardiometabolic traits mediate the association of past shift work and chronic kidney disease: the Dongfeng–Tongji cohort study. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 95, 1501–1510. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-022-01854-8
Handayani, S. (2021). Anatomi dan Fisiologi Tubuh Manusia. MEDIA SAINS INDONESIA. http://repository.stikes-yogyakarta.ac.id/id/eprint/24/3/Buku Anatomi dan Fisiologi Tubuh Manusia.pdf
Hansson, E., Glaser, J., Weiss, I., Ekström, U., Apelqvist, J., Hogstedt, C., Peraza, S., Lucas, R., Jakobsson, K., Wesseling, C., & Wegman, D. H. (2019). Workload and cross-harvest kidney injury in a Nicaraguan sugarcane worker cohort. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 76, 818–826. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-105986
Harris, R. C., & Zhang, M.-Z. (2020). The role of gender disparities in kidney injury. Annals of Translational Medicine, 8(7), 514–514. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.01.23
Hartini, E., Manurung, I., & Purwati, P. (2014). Pengaruh Hemodialisis Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Pasien DM. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Sai Betik, 10(1). http://www.ejurnal.poltekkes-tjk.ac.id/index.php/JKEP/article/view/308
Hissa, M. R. N., Hissa, P. N. G., Guimarães, S. B., & Hissa, M. N. (2021). Use of continuous glucose monitoring system in patients with type 2 mellitus diabetic during hemodialysis treatment. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-021-00722-8
Jazila, U., Nazhira Arifin, V., Santi, T. D., & Masyarakat, F. K. (2024). Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus di Puskesmas Meuraxa Kota Banda Aceh Tahun 2022. Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine, 10(1), 2615–109.
Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Jafar, T. H., Nitsch, D., Neuen, B. L., & Perkovic, V. (2021). Chronic kidney disease. The Lancet, 398(10302), 786–802. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00519-5
Karakochuk, C. D., Hess, S. Y., Moorthy, D., Namaste, S., Parker, M. E., Rappaport, A. I., Wegmüller, R., & Dary, O. (2019). Measurement and interpretation of hemoglobin concentration in clinical and field settings: a narrative review. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1450(1), 126–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14003
Kashani, K., Rosner, M. H., & Ostermann, M. (2019). Creatinine: From physiology to clinical application. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 72(October), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2019.10.025
Kefale, B. (2018). Current Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: Literature Review. JOJ Urology & Nephrology, 6(2). https://juniperpublishers.com/jojun/JOJUN.MS.ID.555684.php
Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI Tentang Tata Laksana Penyakit Ginjal Kronik, Pub. L. No. HK.01.07/MENKES/1634/2023 (2023). https://www.kemkes.go.id/id/pnpk-2023---tata-laksana-penyakit-ginjal-kronik
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023 (SKI). https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rjNDG_f8xG6-Y9wmhJUnXhJ-vUFevVJC/view?usp=sharing
Kovesdy, C. P. (2022). Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney International Supplements, 12(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.003
Kriswiastiny, R. (2022). Hubungan Lama Menderita Diabetes Melitus dan Kadar Gula Darah dengan Kadar Kreatinin Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Medula, 12(3), 413–420.
Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Kumar, A., Kumar, D., & Kumar, V. (2022). Exercise-Induced Rhabdomyolysis Causing Acute Kidney Injury?: A Potential Threat to Gym Lovers. Cureus, 14(8), 8–11. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28046
Kusuma, H., Suhartini, Ropyanto, C. B., Hastuti, Y. D., Hidayati, W., Sujianto, U., Widyaningsih, S., Lazuardi, N., Yuwono, I. H., Husain, F., Z.N, E. G., Selvia, A., & Benita, M. Y. (2019). Mengenal Penyakit Ginjal Kronis dan Perawatannya. Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro.
Lan, R., Qin, Y., Chen, X., Hu, J., Luo, W., Shen, Y., Li, X., Mao, L., Ye, H., & Wang, Z. (2023). Risky working conditions and chronic kidney disease. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 18(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-023-00393-3
Law, J. P., Pickup, L., Pavlovic, D., Townend, J. N., & Ferro, C. J. (2023). Hypertension and cardiomyopathy associated with chronic kidney disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment considerations. Journal of Human Hypertension, 37(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-022-00751-4
Lee, Y., Seo, E., Mun, E., & Lee, W. (2021). A longitudinal study of working hours and chronic kidney disease in healthy workers: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Journal of Occupational Health, 63(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12266
Leo, I. O. T., Regaletha, T. A. L., & Purnawan, S. (2024). Gambaran Kepatuhan Pasien dengan Penyakit Ginjal Kronis dalam Menjalani Hemodialisis di RSUD Prof.Dr.W.Z. Johanes. SEHATMAS: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat, 3(1), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.55123/sehatmas.v3i1.2737
Lestari, Y. I., & Nugroho, P. S. (2020). Hubungan Tingkat Ekonomi dan Jenis Pekerjaan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Palaran Tahun 2019. Borneo Student Researh, 1(1), 269–273. https://www.akperinsada.ac.id/e-jurnal/index.php/insada/article/view/150/75
Lewandowski, M. J., Krenn, S., Kurnikowski, A., Bretschneider, P., Sattler, M., Schwaiger, E., Antlanger, M., Gauckler, P., Pirklbauer, M., Brunner, M., Horn, S., Zitt, E., Kirsch, B., Windpessl, M., Wallner, M., Aringer, I., Wiesholzer, M., Hecking, M., & Hödlmoser, S. (2023). Chronic kidney disease is more prevalent among women but more men than women are under nephrological care: Analysis from six outpatient clinics in Austria 2019. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 135(3-4), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-022-02074-3
Li, J., Zhang, R., Wu, Z., Guo, J., Wang, Z., Li, S., Li, C., Yang, G., & Cheng, X. (2022). Blood Glucose Fluctuation in Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus and End-Stage Renal Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis: An Observational Study. Diabetes Therapy, 13(7), 1353–1365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-022-01274-4
Li, M., Li, Y., Lv, J., Xu, H., Wu, X., Wen, W., Wang, W., & Yang, H. (2023). The effects of glucose-free and glucose-containing dialysate during dialysis in MHD patients: a prospective cross-over study. Perfusion (United Kingdom), 38(1), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/02676591211042726
Lin, W. (2023). Clinical Significance of Serum Creatinine, Urea Nitrogen and Uric Acid Levels in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure. International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences, 3(3), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.54097/ijbls.v3i3.04
Liyanage, T., Toyama, T., Hockham, C., Ninomiya, T., Perkovic, V., Woodward, M., Fukagawa, M., Matsushita, K., Praditpornsilpa, K., Hooi, L. S., Iseki, K., Lin, M. Y., Stirnadel-Farrant, H. A., Jha, V., & Jun, M. (2022). Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Asia: A systematic review and analysis. BMJ Global Health, 7(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007525
Lo, W. C., Ou, S. H., Chou, C. L., Chen, J. S., Wu, M. Y., & Wu, M. S. (2021). Sugar and artificially sweetened beverages and the risks of chronic kidney disease?: a systematic review and dose – response meta analysis. Journal of Nephrology, 34(6), 1791–1804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00957-0
Mardhatillah, Arsin, A., Syafar, M., & Hardianti, A. (2020). Ketahanan Hidup Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik yang Menjalani Hemodialisis di RSUP dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. JKMM, 3(1), 21–33.
Maulidina, F., Harmani, N., & Suraya, I. (2019). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jati Luhur Bekasi Tahun 2018. ARKESMAS (Arsip Kesehatan Masyarakat), 4(1), 149–155. https://doi.org/10.22236/arkesmas.v4i1.3141
Merz, C. N. B., Dember, L. M., Ingelfinger, J. R., Vinson, A., Neugarten, J., Sandberg, K. L., Sullivan, J. C., Maric-Bilkan, C., Rankin, T. L., Kimmel, P. L., & Star, R. A. (2019). Sex and the kidneys: current understanding and research opportunities. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 15(12), 776–783. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0208-6
Mostufa, S., Paul, A. K., & Chakrabarti, K. (2021). Detection of hemoglobin in blood and urine glucose level samples using a graphene-coated SPR based biosensor. OSA Continuum, 4(8), 2164–2176. https://doi.org/10.1364/osac.433633
Moyce, S., Armitage, T., Mitchell, D., & Schenker, M. (2020). Acute kidney injury and workload in a sample of California agricultural workers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 63(3), 258–268. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23076
Moyce, S., Mitchell, D., Armitage, T., Tancredi, D., & Joseph, J. (2017). Heat strain, volume depletion and kidney function in California agricultural workers. Occup Environ Med, 74(6), 402–409. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103848.Heat
Neugarten, J., & Golestaneh, L. (2019). Influence of Sex on the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 94(7), 1339–1356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.12.024
Notoatmodjo, S. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Rineka cipta.
Nursalam. (2017). Metodologi penelitian ilmu keperawatan (P. P. Lestari (ed.)). Salemba Medika.
Pasaribu, Y. R., Rompas, S. S. J., & Kundre, R. M. (2021). Perbedaan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Ckd Sebelum Dan Setelah Hemodialisis Di Ruang Hemodialisars Swasta Di Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Keperawatan, 9(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.35790/jkp.v9i1.36773
Pawestri, R. M., Yudono, D. T., & Suandika, M. (2023). Gambaran Laboratorium Darah pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik yang Menjalani Hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Saint Carolus. Journal of Nursing and Health, 8(1), 48–60. https://jurnal.politeknikyakpermas.ac.id/jnh/article/view/207#:~:text=Kesimpulan: pasien GGK yang menjalani,untuk menilai keefektifan terapi HD.
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 25 Tahun 2016.
Price, S. (2015). Patofisiologi?: Konsep Klinis Proses-proses Penyakit. EGC.
Purnawinadi, I. G. (2021). Peran Hemodialisis Terhadap Kadar Kreatinin Darah Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik. Klabat Journal of Nursing, 3(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.37771/kjn.v3i1.534
Rahmanti, A., & Sunarto. (2022). Penerapan Intervensi Self Care Management untuk Mencegah Peningkatan Interdialytic Weight Gain pada Pasien Hemodialisa. JURNAL JUFDIKES, 4(1).
Rajagukguk, T., Aritonang, E., & Siahaan, M. A. (2021). Analisa Kadar Ureum Pre Dan Post Pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Yang Menjalani Hemodialisa Pada Usia Dewasa Yang Di Rawat Di …. Jurnal Tekesnos, 3(2). http://e-journal.sari-mutiara.ac.id/index.php/tekesnos/article/view/2436
Ramadhan, M. P., Yetti, K., Herawati, T., Adam, M., & Masfi, A. (2023). Gambaran Komplikasi Intradialisis pada Pasien Hemodialisis berdasarkan Tingkat Interdialityc Weight Gain. NURSING UPDATE?: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan, 14(1).
Rambing, D. R., Haksama, S., Lusno, M. F. D., & Wulandari, A. (2021). Hubungan Umur Dan Riwayat Pada Keluarga Sebagai Faktor Non-Modifeable Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi. Media Bina Ilmiah, 15(10), 5495–5504. https://ejurnal.binawakya.or.id/index.php/MBI/article/view/1074/pdf
Ratnasari, D., & Isnaini, N. (2020). Hubungan Lama Hemodialisa Dengan Status Nutrisi Pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Di Ruang Hemodialisa. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 6(1), 215–219. https://doi.org/10.35974/jsk.v6i1.2321
Ricardo, A. C., Yang, W., Sha, D., Appel, L. J., Chen, J., Krousel-Wood, M., Manoharan, A., Steigerwalt, S., Wright, J., Rahman, M., Rosas, S. E., Saunders, M., Sharma, K., Daviglus, M. L., & Lash, J. P. (2019). Sex-related disparities in CKD progression. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 30(1), 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2018030296
Rizkaningsih, Pujiastuti, S. E., & Supriyana. (2020). Intervensi Relaksasi Motorik pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Yang Menjalani Hemodialisis. Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Semarang.
Rosadi, D., & Hildawati, N. (2021). Analisis faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi pada masyarakat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sungai Raya, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan. Journal of Health Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, 7(2), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.22435/jhecds.v7i2.5054
Rosares, V. E., & Boy, E. (2022). Pemeriksaan Kadar Gula Darah untuk Screening Hiperglikemia dan Hipoglikemia. Jurnal Implementa Husada, 3(2), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.30596/jih.v3i2.11906
Royal, J. T., Fisher, J. T., Mlinar, T., Mekjavic, I. B., & McDonnell, A. C. (2022). Validity and reliability of capillary vs. Venous blood for the assessment of haemoglobin mass and intravascular volumes. Frontiers in Physiology, 13(November). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1021588
Saadah, S. (2018). Sistem Peredaran Darah Manusia. UIN Sunan Gunung Djati. https://idschool.net/smp/sistem-peredaran-darah-manusia/
Saadah, S., & Hartanti, R. D. (2021). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kesehatan 2021 Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Pekalongan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kesehatan 2021 Lembaga Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Pekalongan, 509–517.
Sabatino, A., Regolisti, G., Gandolfini, I., Delsante, M., Fani, F., Gregorini, M. C., & Fiaccadori, E. (2017). Diet and enteral nutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis: a review focusing on fat, fiber and protein intake. Journal of Nephrology, 30(6), 743–754. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-017-0435-5
Setiawan, H. B., & Wulandari, S. (2022). Perubahan Tekanan Darah Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik dengan Hemodialisis di RSUD A.M. Parikesit. Jurnal Keperawatan Dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Cendekia Utama, 11(2), 120–130.
Shahbaz, H., & Gupta, M. (2024). Creatinine Clearance. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544228/
Sinaga, W., & Alfara, L. D. (2016). Pemberian Nutrisi Terkait Perubahan Metabolisme Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Derajat 5 Dengan Hemodialisis Rutin. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 43(1), 61–65.
Siwi, A. S., & Budiman, A. A. (2021). Kualitas Hidup Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Yang Menjalani Terapi Hemodialisa. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah Bengkulu, 9(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.36085/jkmb.v9i2.1711
Smith-Garcia, D. (2025). Pain Medications and Kidney Health. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/kidney-health/which-painkiller-is-safe-for-kidneys
Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Susanti, H. (2019). Memahami Interpretasi Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Penyakit Ginjal Kronis. UB Press.
Syuryani, N., Arman, E., & Putri, G. E. (2021). Perbedaan Kadar Ureum Sebelum Dan Sesudah Hemodialisa Pada Penderita Gagal Ginjal Kronik. Jurnal Kesehatan Saintika Meditory, 4(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.30633/jsm.v4i2.1292
Taiso, S. N., Sudayasa, I. P., & Paddo, J. (2021). Analisis Hubungan Sosiodemografis Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lasalepa, Kabupaten Muna. Nursing Care and Health Technology Journal (NCHAT), 1(2), 102–109. https://doi.org/10.56742/nchat.v1i2.10
Tang, R., Kou, M., Wang, X., Ma, H., Li, X., Heianza, Y., & Qi, L. (2023). Self-Reported Frequency of Adding Salt to Food and Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease. JAMA Network Open, 6(12), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49930
Thaha, M. (2019). The Role of Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease. Indonesian Journal of Kidney and Hypertension, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.32867/inakidney.v2i3.33
Thamrin, H., & Masnilawati, A. (2021). Hubungan antara Pengetahuan, Tingkat Konsumsi Protein, Zat Besi, dan Vitamin C dengan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Mahasiswi Kebidanan. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes, 12, 30–33. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Halida-Thamrin/publication/361261708_Hubungan_antara_Pengetahuan_Tingkat_Konsumsi_Protein_Zat_Besi_dan_Vitamin_C_dengan_Kadar_Hemoglobin_pada_Mahasiswi_Kebidanan/links/62a7458e6886635d5cd60189/Hubungan-antara-Pengetahu
Theofilis, P., Vordoni, A., & Kalaitzidis, R. G. (2023). Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Perspectives of Intradialytic Hypertension. American Journal of Nephrology, 54(5-6), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1159/000531047
Triandhini, R. L. N. K. R., Agustina, V., & Siabila, Y. G. (2022). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kadar Gula Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSU Sinar Kasih Gereja Kristen Sulawesi Tengah Tentena. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 7(1), 229–239.
Vaidya, S. R., & Aeddula, N. R. (2023). Chronic Renal Failure. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
Vaidya, S. R., & Aeddula, N. R. (2024). Chronic Kidney Disease. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/
Veridiana, N. N., & Nurjana, M. A. (2019). Hubungan Perilaku Konsumsi dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Diabetes Mellitus di Indonesia. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 47(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v47i2.667
Wahyuni, A., Kartika, I. R., Asrul, I. F., & Gusti, E. (2019). Korelasi Lama Hemodialisa Dengan Fungsi Kognitif. REAL in Nursing Journal, 2(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.32883/rnj.v2i1.328
Wahyuni, T. D., Agustiyowati, T. H. R., & Rohyadi, Y. (2023). Lama Hemodialisis Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis Yang Menjalani Hemodialisis. Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung, 15(2), 460–466. https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbdg.v15i2.2237
Wang, L., Yan, N., Zhang, M., Pan, R., Dang, Y., & Niu, Y. (2022). The association between blood glucose levels and lipids or lipid ratios in type 2 diabetes patients: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13(September), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.969080
Wathanavasin, W., Cheungpasitporn, W., Thongprayoon, C., & Fülöp, T. (2025). Effects of Dietary Fiber Supplementation on Modulating Uremic Toxins and Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Toxins, 17(2), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17020057
Wesseling, C., Glaser, J., Rodríguez-Guzmán, J., Weiss, I., Lucas, R., Peraza, S., da Silva, A. S., Hansson, E., Johnson, R. J., Hogstedt, C., Wegman, D. H., & Jakobsson, K. (2020). Chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin in Mesoamerica: A disease primarily driven by occupational heat stress. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan American Journal of Public Health, 44, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.15
Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., MacLaughlin, E. J., Muntner, P., Ovbiagele, B., Smith, S. C., Spencer, C. C., Stafford, R. S., Taler, S. J., Thomas, R. J., Williams, K. A., … Hundley, J. (2018). 2017 ACC/AHA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical practice guidelines. In Hypertension (Vol. 71, Issue 6). https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065
WHO. (2023). Hypertension. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
Wicaksono, A., Widiasih, E., & Tursinawati, Y. (2023). Korelasi asupan protein dan latihan otot terhadap kadar kreatinin pada personal trainer. Ilmu Gizi Indonesia, 6(2), 135. https://doi.org/10.35842/ilgi.v6i2.364
Wijaya, A. (2024). Pengaruh Hemodialisis Terhadap Perubahan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik: Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka. Healthy Tadulako Journal, 10(1), 12–18.
Yuniarti, W. (2021). Anemia pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik. Journal Health And Science?; Gorontalo Journal Health & Science Community, 5(2), 341–347.
Zasra, R., Harun, H., & Azmi, S. (2018). Indikasi dan Persiapan Hemodialis Pada Penyakit Ginjal Kronis. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 7(Supplement 2), 183. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7i0.847
Zulfian, Z., & Tarmizi, M. D. (2021). Hubungan Kadar Gula Darah Sewaktu (GDS) Dengan Kadar Kreatinin Serum Terhadap Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di RSUD dr. H. Bob Bazar. MAHESA?: Malahayati Health Student Journal, 1(4), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v1i4.4027
Zulkarnain. (2017). Pengaruh Olahraga Futsal Terhadap Produksi Kadar Kreatinin Darah. Biolgy For Life, 2(1), 26–30.
| Properti | Nilai Properti |
|---|---|
| Organisasi | Universitas Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Pekalongan |
| umpp.pekalongan@yahoo.com | |
| Alamat | Jl. Raya Pekajangan No. 1A Kedungwuni Pekalongan |
| Telepon | (0285) 7832294 |
| Tahun | 2025 |
| Kota | Pekalongan |
| Provinsi | Jawa Tengah |
| Negara | Indonesia |